Preventing Eclampsia: Protecting Pregnant Women in Ghana

 By: Zaidu Hashim

Eclampsia, a leading cause of maternal and infant mortality, claims numerous lives in Ghana annually. According to the Ghana Health Service (2020), eclampsia accounts for approximately 15% of maternal deaths in the country. This article aims to educate expectant mothers, healthcare providers, and families on preventing eclampsia, recognizing early symptoms, and managing the condition.

Understanding Eclampsia

Eclampsia is a severe complication of preeclampsia, characterized by:

1. High blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher)

2. Proteinuria (excess protein in urine)

3. Seizures or convulsions

Risk Factors

1. First pregnancy: Women having their first child are at higher risk (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).

2. Previous history: Women who experienced preeclampsia or eclampsia in previous pregnancies are at increased risk (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2020).

3. Multiple gestations: Women carrying twins or multiples are at higher risk (Sibai et al., 2018).

4. Chronic medical conditions: Women with pre-existing hypertension, diabetes, or kidney disease are at increased risk (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).

Prevention Strategies

1. Regular prenatal care: Attend scheduled check-ups (at least 4-6 visits) to monitor blood pressure and proteinuria (Ghana Health Service, 2020).

2. Blood pressure management: Maintain healthy blood pressure through lifestyle changes (diet, exercise, stress reduction) and medication (if prescribed) (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).

3. Healthy diet: Consume balanced meals rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2020).

4. Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water (at least 8 cups/day) (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).

5. Rest and stress reduction: Engage in relaxation techniques (meditation, deep breathing) (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2020).

6. Monitor weight gain: Aim for a healthy weight gain (25-35 pounds) (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).

Early Detection Symptoms

1. Severe headaches

2. Vision changes (blurred vision, double vision)

3. Abdominal pain

4. Nausea and vomiting

5. Sudden weight gain

6. Swelling in face, hands, or feet

Recognizing Eclampsia Warning Signs

1. Seizures or convulsions

2. Loss of consciousness

3. Confusion or disorientation

4. Chest pain or difficulty breathing

What to Do If You Have Eclampsia

1. Seek immediate medical attention: Visit the nearest hospital or healthcare facility (Ghana Health Service, 2020).

2. Follow medical instructions: Adhere to treatment plans, including medication and hospitalization (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).

3. Monitor fetal movement: Report any changes to your healthcare provider (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2020).

Treatment Options

1. Magnesium sulfate: Administered to prevent seizures and manage blood pressure (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2020).

2. Blood pressure medication: Prescribed to control hypertension (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2020).

3. Hospitalization: Close monitoring and supportive care (Ghana Health Service, 2020).

Ghanaian Resources

1. Ghana Health Service: (link unavailable)

2. Ministry of Health: (link unavailable)

3. National Health Insurance Scheme: (link unavailable)

Conclusion

Eclampsia is a preventable and manageable condition. By prioritizing prenatal care, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and recognizing early symptoms, Ghanaian women can reduce their risk of eclampsia. Healthcare providers and families must also play an active role in supporting expectant mothers.

References

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2020). Hypertension in Pregnancy.

2. Ghana Health Service. (2020). Maternal Mortality Ratio.

3. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.