Why do some ladies feel pain whilst having sex - Dyspareunia

 By: Zaidu Hashim

What is Dyspareunia?

Dyspareunia refers to pain experienced during or after sexual intercourse. It's a common issue, affecting women of all ages. The pain can be localized to the vagina or vulva, or it can be felt throughout the pelvis. 

Causes of Dyspareunia:

The causes of dyspareunia are diverse and can be categorized broadly as:

Medical Conditions:

 Vaginismus: This is characterized by involuntary spasms of the vaginal muscles during attempted penetration. It can be caused by anxiety, fear, or past trauma. 

Endometriosis: This condition involves the growth of uterine tissue outside the uterus, often causing pain during menstruation, ovulation, and intercourse. 

 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): This is an infection of the reproductive organs that can lead to scarring and pain during sex. 

 (UTIs): While primarily affecting the urinary system, UTIs can cause pain during urination and sometimes during intercourse. 

 Vulvodynia: This refers to chronic pain in the vulvar area, with no identifiable cause. 

 Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD):  This is a complex disorder characterized by pain during intercourse and difficulty engaging in sexual activity. It can have both physical and psychological components. 

Physical Factors:

Trauma: Injuries to the vagina, vulva, or pelvic region, including from childbirth, surgery, or sexual assault, can cause pain during intercourse. 

 Anatomical Variations:  The size or shape of the vagina can sometimes contribute to discomfort during intercourse. 

 Hormonal Imbalances:  Low estrogen levels, often associated with menopause or breastfeeding, can lead to vaginal dryness and pain. 

 Medications:  Some medications, like antidepressants, can cause vaginal dryness and pain. 

  Vaginal Dryness: Inadequate lubrication during intercourse can cause pain and discomfort. 

Psychological Factors:

 Anxiety: Anxiety about sex can make it difficult to relax and enjoy the experience, contributing to pain. 

 Past Trauma:  Experiences of sexual abuse, assault, or childhood trauma can lead to pain and avoidance of sex. 

Relationship Issues:  Communication difficulties, lack of trust, or unresolved conflict in a relationship can contribute to dyspareunia. 

Diagnosis and Treatment:

A thorough evaluation by a healthcare professional is crucial to determine the underlying cause of dyspareunia. This may involve:

Medical history and physical examination:  To identify any contributing factors.

Pelvic ultrasound: To visualize the reproductive organs and detect abnormalities.

Laboratory tests: To rule out infections or hormonal imbalances.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

Medication: For infections, hormonal imbalances, or pain relief.

Physical therapy: To address muscle tension and improve pelvic floor function.

Counseling or therapy: To address psychological factors, like anxiety or trauma.

Lifestyle changes:  Such as using lubrication or adopting relaxation techniques.

Conclusion:

Dyspareunia is a complex issue with diverse causes. It's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. Early intervention can help manage the pain and improve quality of life.

References:

1.  [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginismus/symptoms-causes/syc-20354021](https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginismus/symptoms-causes/syc-20354021)

2.  [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/endometriosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20